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How Decibel Levels Are Calculated

Understanding the science behind noise measurements helps you interpret your evidence reports accurately.

What is a Decibel?

A decibel (dB) is a logarithmic unit used to express ratio of two values of a physical quantity, often power or intensity. In acoustics, it measures sound intensity relative to a reference level.

Key Characteristic: Logarithmic Scale

The decibel scale is logarithmic, meaning every 10 dB increase represents a tenfold increase in sound intensity. For example, 80 dB is ten times more intense than 70 dB.

The Calculation Formula

dB = 20 × log₁₀(P/P₀)

Where:

  • P = Measured sound pressure
  • P₀ = Reference sound pressure (20 micropascals, approximately the threshold of human hearing)
  • log₁₀ = Base-10 logarithm

How Our Tool Measures Decibels

1

Capture Audio

Your device's microphone captures raw audio samples from environment.

2

Calculate RMS

Root Mean Square (RMS) is calculated from audio samples to determine average sound energy.

3

Apply Calibration

A calibration offset (+80dB) is applied to convert the normalized RMS value to a decibel reading comparable to standard sound level meters.

4

Display Result

The final decibel value is displayed and recorded for evidence generation.

Accuracy & Limitations

Smartphone Accuracy

Modern smartphone microphones typically measure within ±5dB of professional sound level meters. For absolute precision, use a calibrated Type 2 sound level meter.

Legal Evidence Value

For legal complaints, relative measurements and timestamped data are most valuable. Consistently elevated readings relative to the ordinance limit provide strong evidence, regardless of absolute calibration.

Common Sound Level Reference

Whisper30 dB
Quiet library40 dB
Normal conversation60 dB
Vacuum cleaner70 dB
Lawn mower85-90 dB
City traffic85-95 dB
Rock concert110-120 dB
Pain threshold130+ dB

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